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4.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 46(6): 891-901, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134270

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose To review current literature regarding sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) focused on indications, barriers and latest technological developments. Material and Methods A PubMed database search was performed in April 2020, focusing on SNM and various neuro-urological conditions. Results SNM has been increasingly indicated for lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in neuro-urological patients. Most studies are cases series with several methodological limitations and limited follow-up, lacking standardized definition for SNM clinical success. Most series focused on neurogenic overactive bladder in spinal cord injured (incomplete lesions) and multiple sclerosis patients. Barriers for applying this therapy in neurogenic LUTD were mainly related to magnetic resonance imaging incompatibility, size of the implantable pulse generator (IPG), and battery depletion. Newer technological advances have been made to address these limitations and will be widely available in the near future. Conclusions SNM seems a promising therapy for neurogenic LUTD in carefully selected patients with incomplete lesions. Further studies are still needed to define which subgroups of neurological patients benefit the most from this minimally invasive technique.


Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/therapy , Electric Stimulation Therapy , Sacrum
5.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(2): 162-167, mar.-abr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286478

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La ureteroscopia flexible con litotricia láser (URSLL) es una modalidad mínimamente invasiva de tratamiento quirúrgico de cálculos renales. La selección inadecuada de pacientes para este procedimiento genera un desbalance de costo-efectividad. Objetivo: Conocer los factores predictores de estado libre de litos en un solo tiempo quirúrgico en pacientes sometidos a URSLL. Método: Cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes sometidos a URSLL. Se realizó un análisis univariado y multivariado (regresión logística) de los predictores de estado libre de cálculos en la primera URSLL, global y categorizado por sexo. Resultados: EL estado libre de cálculos en la primera URSLL fue de 73.62 %. Los predictores de estado libre de cálculos en hombres fueron edad y tamaño, densidad y multiplicidad del cálculo; en las mujeres, el índice de masa corporal y la multiplicidad del cálculo. Conclusiones: Los factores pronósticos de estado libre de cálculos en la primera URSLL son distintos en hombres y mujeres. Las mujeres con obesidad y sobrepeso probablemente tengan cálculos de fácil fragmentación y extracción asociados con ácido úrico.


Abstract Introduction: Flexible ureteroscopy and laser fragmentation (FURSL) is a minimally invasive modality for surgical treatment of renal stones. Inadequate selection of patients for this treatment generates a cost-effectiveness unbalance. Objective: To know the stone-free rate predictors in a single surgical time in patients undergoing FURSL. Method: Retrospective cohort of patients undergoing FURSL. Global and gender-categorized univariate and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were performed to identify stone-free predictors at first FURSL. Results: Stone-free rate at first FURSL was 73.62%. Predictors in males were patient age and stone size, density and multiplicity; in females, body mass index and multiplicity of stones. Conclusions: Stone-free rate predictors at first FURSL are different in males and females. Women with overweight and obesity probably have easy-to-fragment and easy-to-extract stones associated with uric acid.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Kidney Calculi/surgery , Lithotripsy, Laser/methods , Ureteroscopy/methods , Patient Selection , Sex Factors , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Age Factors , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods , Overweight/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology
6.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(1): 52-57, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286459

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El éxito en nefrolitotomía percutánea (NLP) se define como estatus libre de litos, sin embargo, las complicaciones mayores se presentan con alta frecuencia y han sido reportadas como resultado secundario. Objetivo: Presentar una nueva definición de éxito en NLP que comprenda la tasa libre de litos sin complicaciones mayores y una escala de riesgo para predecir este desenlace. Método: Cohorte histórica de pacientes sometidos a NLP. Las variables incluidas fueron edad, sexo, urocultivo, índice de comorbilidad de Charlson (ICC) y lito complejo. Se definió éxito: sin litos, sin o con complicación Clavien ≤ 2; éxito intermedio: con litos sin o con complicación Clavien ≤ 2; fracaso: con o sin litos con complicación Clavien > 2. Se realizó análisis bivariado para identificar los factores asociados con el desenlace. Por regresión logística múltiple se calculó el peso independiente de cada factor. Resultados: Se incluyeron 568 procedimientos, 59 % en el sexo femenino. La mediana de edad fue de 49 años; 65, 22 y 13 % de los casos tuvieron éxito, éxito intermedio y fracaso. El sexo femenino, urocultivo positivo, lito complejo e ICC severo se asociaron con fracaso. Conclusión: La probabilidad de éxito fue directamente proporcional al número de factores de riesgo.


Abstract Introduction: Success in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is defined as a stone-free status; however, major complications are highly common and have been reported as a secondary outcome. Objective: To propose a new definition of PCNL success that comprises a stone free rate without major complications and a risk scale to predict this outcome. Methods: Historical cohort of patients undergoing PCNL. The included variables were age, gender, urine culture, Charlson's comorbidity index (CCI) and complex stones. Success was defined as a stone free status with or without Clavien grade ≤ 2 complication; intermediate success: with stones, with or without Clavien grade ≤ 2 complication; and failure: with or without stones with Clavien grade ≤ 2 complication. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify which factors are associated with the outcome. The independent weight of each factor was calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: 568 procedures were included, 59% of which were in females. Median age was 49 years; 65%, 22% and 13% of cases were classified as success, intermediate success and failure, respectively. Female sex, positive urine culture, complex stones and severe CCI were associated with failure. Conclusions: The likelihood of success was directly proportional to the number of risk factors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Kidney Calculi/surgery , Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous/methods , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Cir. & cir ; 77(6): 443-450, nov.-dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566458

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Posterior a la cistectomía radical, la derivaciones urinarias ortotópicas han tomado importancia en los últimos años. El objetivo de este informe es presentar los resultados en pacientes sometidos a derivación urinaria ortotópica tipo Studer posterior a cistectomía radical. Material y métodos: Se revisaron expedientes de pacientes con cáncer vesical sometidos a cistectomía radical más realización de neovejiga ileal entre enero de 1992 y diciembre de 2004. Resultados: De los 306 pacientes operados de cistectomía radial con derivación urinaria, se incluyeron 42 (13.7 %) pacientes en quienes la derivación urinaria fue neovejiga tipo Studer, 34 (80.9 %) hombres y ocho (19.1 %) mujeres, con una edad promedio de 60 años. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de siete horas, con sangrado promedio de 1600 ml, requiriendo ingreso a unidad de terapia intensiva 55 % de los casos. La complicación temprana más frecuente fue la acidosis metabólica, presente en 28 (66 %) pacientes, y la más grave fue la fuga urinaria uretero-ileal, en siete (16.6 %). Entre las complicaciones tardías más importantes destacan la incontinencia urinaria diurna y nocturna, frecuentemente relacionadas a infecciones de vías urinarias y oclusión intestinal. A cinco años de seguimiento, la sobrevida global fue de 71 %, la mortalidad específica por cáncer fue de 15 % y la mortalidad relacionada a la cirugía de 7.3 %. Conclusiones: La realización de neovejigas ortotópicas es reproducible en centros con experiencia y una alternativa a la derivación urinaria heterotópica con conducto ileal.


BACKGROUND: We present the results of patients submitted to a Studer type urinary orthotopic derivation after radical cystectomy. METHODS: The files of patients with bladder cancer submitted to a radical cystectomy plus the procedure of the ileal neobladder were reviewed in our hospital from January 1992 until December 2004. Patients were divided into two groups: group A--60 years old or younger and group B-->60 years old. RESULTS: From 306 patients submitted to radical cystectomy with urinary derivation, there were 42 patients (13.7%) included with Studer type neobladder. There were 34 (80.9 %) men and 8 (19.1%) women, with an average age of 60 years. Average surgical time was 7 h with an average blood loss of 1600 cc requiring transfer to intensive care unit (ICU) in 55% of the cases. The most frequent early complication was metabolic acidosis that was present in 28 (66%) patients. The most severe complication was ileal-ureter urinary leak, which was present in seven (16.6 %) patients. Among the most frequent late complications are the day- and night-time urinary incontinence often related to urinary infections and intestinal occlusion. Overall 5-year survival was 71%, cancer-specific mortality was 15% and surgical-related mortality was 7.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of procedures with orthotopic neobladders is actually feasible in experienced hospital centers and is a valuable alternative to urinary heterotopic derivation with ileal conduit. Postoperative patient management and regular follow-up is of major importance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Urinary Bladder/surgery , Cystectomy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Urinary Reservoirs, Continent , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
8.
Cir. & cir ; 77(3): 193-200, mayo-jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566500

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir la técnica de cabestrillo subtrigonal con fascia abdominal y demostrar su utilidad en la resolución de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo compleja. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte longitudinal y observacional en mujeres adultas que acudieron al Servicio de Urodinamia, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, para tratamiento de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo recidivante o con factores de riesgo para recidiva, asociada o no a incontinencia urinaria de urgencia. Resultados: Entre 1995 y 2006 incluimos 40 pacientes; el seguimiento fue de 41.95 meses (rango 9 a 106) y el promedio de edad de 55 años. En 35 pacientes (87.5 %) fue resuelta la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, dos pacientes mejoraron (5 %) y tres persistieron (7.5 %) con la incontinencia. De las 40 pacientes, 18 presentaban incontinencia urinaria de urgencia y solo en siete de éstas (39 %) se resolvió después de la cirugía. La incontinencia urinaria de urgencia de novo se presentó en 12 (30 %). Una tuvo hernia crural, dos hernia posincisional y dos requirieron transfusión sanguínea. Ninguna evidenció problemas de vaciamiento urinario posterior a la cirugía. Conclusiones: Los resultados con la técnica descrita son eficaces y duraderos en pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo recidivante o factores de riesgo para recidiva. No se observó disfunción de vaciamiento vesical, sin embargo, hubo hernias abdominales. El abordaje de mínima invasión para colocar las cintas sintéticas en posición subtrigonal podría mantener la eficacia con mínima morbilidad.


BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the technique of subtrigonal sling with abdominal fascia and demonstrate its usefulness in resolving complex stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: We performed a cohort, longitudinal, observational study in adult females who attended the Urodynamics Department of the Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, with recurrent SUI or with risk factors for recurrence, whether or not associated with urge urinary incontinence (UUI). RESULTS: Between 1995 and 2006, 40 patients were included. Mean follow-up was 41.95 months (9-106), and the average patient age was 55 years. In 35 patients (87.5%) SUI was resolved, in two patients (5%) it improved, and in three patients (7.5%) it persisted. Of the 40 study patients, 18 had UUI and in only 7/18 patients (39%) was it resolved postoperatively. UUI de novo was noted in 12/40 patients (30%). One patient presented crural hernia, two patients presented postincisional hernia and two patients required blood transfusion. No patient presented acute urinary retention or urinary voiding problems postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained by this surgical technique are effective and long-lasting in patients with complex SUI. We did not observe bladder emptying dysfunction but there were formations of abdominal wall hernias. The minimally invasive approach consisting of the subtrigonal placement of synthetic tapes may maintain efficacy with minimal morbidity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery , Suburethral Slings , Longitudinal Studies , Urologic Surgical Procedures/methods
9.
Cir. & cir ; 77(2): 131-133, mar.-abr. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566645

ABSTRACT

La neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 2B es un padecimiento autosómico dominante, conlleva carcinoma medular de tiroides, feocromocitoma, ganglioneuromas en mucosas e intestino y habitus marfanoide. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 35 años de edad con diagnóstico de neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 2B y feocromocitoma suprarrenal derecho, tratado con adrenalectomía lumboscópica. El diagnóstico del feocromocitoma incluye detección de catecolaminas en suero y orina, estudios de imagen como tomografía axial computarizada, resonancia magnética nuclear y gammagrama con metaiodobencilguanidina. En la actualidad el abordaje laparoscópico se ha convertido en el tratamiento de elección.


Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, a marfanoid habitus and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis. We present a case of a 35-year-old male with MEN 2B with right adrenal pheochromocytoma diagnosed biochemically and radiologically and treated by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma includes detection of catecholamines in urine and plasma and radiological tests such as computed axial tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Laparoscopic techniques have become standard for treatment of tumors of the adrenal glands.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms , Adrenalectomy/methods , Pheochromocytoma/surgery , Laparoscopy , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
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